Coven of Cythrawl

Besides the articles found here, you may also want check out the new additions of postings from our Research Group, which cover a multitude of subjects that you might find interesting.  Just click here, or come back later....

Anyway, to start off our articles, I thought I would begin with a most important one and hope you may share in it.....

Stewart Farrar (1916-2000) - An Obituary

The son of a bank official and schoolteacher, Stewart Farrar was born on the 28 June 1916, at 239 Winchester Road, Highams Park, Walthamstow, in what is now the London borough of Waltham Forest.

Stewart Farrar's interest in the occult field came very much as a late vocation, having had little more than a passing interest in many other philosophies including communism and Marxism. By the time he met Alex and Maxine Sanders, the well known London witches, in late 1969 he was, in his own words, an "interested agnostic". In the process of writing his first non-fiction book, What Witches Do, having warmed to its themes and philosophy, he was initiated into the Craft on 21 February 1970. What Witches Do proved to be a milestone for the Craft for many reasons. It was perhaps the first book written from the inside as it were, with a sense of sobriety and intelligence, which many of its cloak and dagger, garbled predecessors lacked. In Stewart's own words, it filled a gap. It combined an overall survey of the basic beliefs and practices of a modern witch with a new witch's reactions to the process of learning those beliefs and practices. It is still recommended reading for serious minded students of the Craft today.

Stewart with his beloved wife Janet, moved to Ferns, County Wexford, Ireland, in the spring of 1976 and it was here that they began to produce the first of their own independent writings. Here, immersing themselves in rural Irish tradition and culture, they formed a coven nucleus and worked out ritual drama for their Eight Sabbats for Witches published in 1981. They spent a short time in the west of Ireland before moving to a rural backwater in Swords close to Dublin City where they began working on another milestone The Witches Way (1984). From here they moved to Beltichburne near Drogheda and then on to Kells, County Meath where they produced The Witches Goddess (1987); The Life and Times of a Modern Witch (1987); The Witches God (1989) and Spells and How They Work (1990). Stewart and Janet co-authored with Gavin Bone, a qualified nurse, The Pagan Path (1995) and The Healing Craft (1999).

Stewart also wrote seven witchcraft novels of which Omega was perhaps the most outstanding and idealistic. It depicts a world ravaged by man's corruption, his rape of the planet and the final coming to terms with a New World through the philosophy of Wicca.

I think it is fair to say that Stewart Farrar did more than any Craft writer on this side of the Atlantic to expound the spirit of Wicca in its 'purest' form since Gerald Gardner. Certainly, he has few, if any contemporaries that can rival him for sheer volume alone. His rational, intelligent and easy to read style of writing has proved immensely popular and has given witchcraft the 'respectable' image it needed for so long. Farrar was not without his critics who were quick to dwell on his occasional misdemeanours in the field as sometime spokesman for the Craft movement. These however, with the passage of time, along with the critics, will be seen as inconsequential storms in a tea cup.

Suffice to say that Farrar was, is and may remain the most prolific writer on the subject of contemporary witchcraft that perhaps the world has ever known. He more than anybody else, has put his shoulder to the wheel of the Western Mystery Tradition to make Wicca a viable and workable path for many to tread.

Peter J. Doyle
Dun Laoghaire, County Dublin. Ireland. 7th February 2000

Thank you Peter for those very kind and noteworthy words.

If you would like to read of an interview with Janet and Stewart Farrar published in 1994, click here. 

Cone of Power

The Cone of Power is one of the methods of working magic, and refers to a technique for focusing energy within a magickal circle. The circle acts as both lens and container for the energy of an individual or group, creating a "cone" shape before being released for particular purpose.

WHY A CONE?

The cone is the shape of energy perceived by those sensitive to the energic currents. Churches also make use of this shape to direct energy heavenwards, with steeples situated over the altar, the nexus of energy raised by the congregation, concentrated by the priest and released. The witches' hat and magician's hat are reminders of the shape of this energy.

Most often, the Path of Dance and Path of Chant, two of the Eight Paths of the Craft, are used to "raise the cone of power". However, Paths of Meditation, Trance, Cords and the Great Rite, or combinations of any of the paths can also be used.

The basic energy is that of the human body, increased and channeled in accordance with Will.

RAISING THE CONE OF POWER

In wiccan ritual, a whirling dance, starting slowly and building to a faster and faster movement, is accompanied by chant. The first "cone" in a circle is often at the commencement of the magickal work section of a circle

It brings together the energies of the participants, bringing them into resonance, before the "work". A single practitioner of the art can raise this cone alone, though dance techniques other than a ring dance are used, especially ones which include rhythmic breathing such as the 2 x 4 and 4 x 4 patterns. The whirling dervish technique with the head thrown back is sometimes used.

ENERGY PATTERNS

Mechanics of the procedure might look something like this:

• Center (at balance point of energy in body)
• Ground (to object or to the earth at the center of the physical space you are whirling around)
• Increase energy within your body
• Focus (on purpose of work)
• Direct (to place of sending, setting up resonance)
• Release (at peak of cone)
• Ground (residual energy)
• Center (re-establish personal balance)

Two practitioners can make use of polarity theory to more readily raise energy. This theory holds that energy moves from positive to negative (imagine filling a cauldron), so two people facing each other cycle energy within their own bodies, and then cycle energy between them.

Three practitioners form a pattern reminiscent of triskel designs in celtic art. As you add each person, the pattern will change and needs to be taken into account by the main person focusing the energy. If all are focusing the energy, clear agreement about how and when it is to be focused and released gets crucial.

THE RELEASE

This is the trickiest part of raising the cone, requiring a sense of timing and an awareness of the level of energies. The "drop" or release is called when the energy peaks, and before it falls back

Like raising sexual tension and releasing it, the cone may plateau and drop slightly in energy before climbing to a higher peak. An inexperienced person may not know this or the group may only be able to raise a limited cone at first. Your mileage may vary. 

Shamanic drum machines

One of the "secrets" utilized by all successful magickal systems is voice and vibration.  Recently, the huge earth mounds found dotted around the British Isles and Ireland, home of the Sidhi, were the focus of various experiments in sound(s) and the mound's ability to amplify certain sounds.  Some of these experiments were presented on "Discovery Channel" because of the tremendous impact it may have in today's world.

The December 1996 edition of Antiquity, the archaeological establishment’s flagship journal, will carry another article by TLH consultant editor Paul Devereux. This centres on the acoustic resonance experiments undertaken in 1994 by Paul and Robert Jahn (of Princeton University’s PEAR lab) at megalithic chamber and fogou sites in Britain and Ireland. A version of the paper appeared in TLH123 The old stones speak, the preliminary results of which suggested that the chambers might have been utilised for male ritual chanting as the range of resonant frequencies measured in the chambers matched the male vocal range. The publication of this paper is an important development as it questions conservative opinion on the function of fogous in the very heart of the archaeological establishment, "If one accepts the usefulness of the .... results, it can be seen that they have particular significance for the Iron Age site of Carn Euny, for there has been some debate concerning the function of such souterrains. Suggestions have centred on storage, refuge and ritual uses, with conservative opinion favouring the first one or two options. The acoustical evidence, however, as it stands, would support the third option, in the case of Carn Euny at least. This provides just one example of the international potential of this acoustic approach, should it be validated in future tests in archaeological contexts."

Were ancient sacred megalithic structures designed to amplify the sound of drumming during rituals? Recent investigations suggest that these ancient structures possess outstanding acoustic properties. Test with audio equipment have shown that the large flat-sided stones, often chosen for inclusion in stone circles were positioned in such a way that sounds generated in the circle were reflected towards the centre. However, it is the Neolithic chambered burial mounds that have the strangest properties. University of Reading physicist Dr David Keating has noted that despite the variations in sizes of these stone chambers their resonant frequencies are very similar. he concludes that the chambers would have amplified a fast drum beat, producing enhanced sounds and echoes during rituals. The most effective results would have been obtained by a rhythm of two beats per second. He goes on further to suggest that the chambers were designed to generate an acoustic phenomenon called Helmholtz resonance - the effect produced by blowing across the neck of an empty bottle. TLH readers will recall the similar acoustic experiments carried out by Paul Devereux, Robert Jahn and others which revealed acoustic resonances in chambered mounds which would have amplified male chanting (TLH123).
Source: Western Daily Press 7/4/98

What became apparent and furthermore, was totally unexpected, was the fact that not only the experimenter's sounds, drumming and mantra's, but a little of the wind and other sounds outside and (perhaps inside) were being amplified by the round shape and long entrances and other tunnels that lead to the interior(s), where at the exact centre of the mound, the scientist's measuring tools went off the scales with a cacophony of sounds and vibrations, (well out of our human hearing range), but never-the-less very much present and huge amounts of low and high frequency sounds were being vibrated and resonated exactly at the centre point.  Of course, we have known for generations that certain vibratory sounds, both audible and inaudible have a great influence on our well-being and state of mind.  We seem to have lost so much over the ages of enforced zealous religious dogma that we live in and must be patient, but persistent in re-discovering and utilizing these ancient secrets once again. 

There is certainly power in the voice, or vocal sounds, and not a single religious or mystical practice throughout the world has failed to take advantage of this fact, magickal systems included.  The most famous of all meaningful vibratory sounds, being the inexplicable and mysterious Sanskrit word, "Om" or "Aum", used by many ancient mystical schools across central and Eastern Asia. (The meaning of which is inexplicable and unknowable).  Vibrations, out of the range of normal hearing and from various sources have been the focus of many scientific research over the years and only recently, strange phenomena are coming to light, like the fascinating and exquisite geometrical shape formed by the vibrations of the word "Om".

In fact, so many ancient, secret magical and mystical texts from around the world, one will encounter again and again the term 'vibrate' being used to describe some kinds of vocalization. ("Vibrate the following words of power...", etc.)   In mundane terms, what is being described is the entire human body's ability to actually RESONATE "sympathetically" with the voice and/or other vibratory sounds present, and the sensory effects that can be experienced by doing so is far deeper than we can ever know.  A brilliant writer of Chaos Magic, Joseph Max said so succinctly, that the "secret" of Magic Words is this: it doesn't matter what you say as much as it matters how you say it!

 For more information, you can find an article at http://www.leyhunter.com/new/new15.htm

Also see http://www.leyhunter.com/new/acoust.htm

A Inner and Outer Journey I wanted to share....

The last time I went out, I wrote about the experience when I returned and include it here.  

I miss the old ways and although have studied much from far and wide, I still return to the Island to a little old Celtic well I used to be brought to in my very early years, with a few ancient Celtic crosses scattered around, and where a church was later built next to it in the fifth or sixth century. (The ruins are still there). This is where I still go to feel the power that permeates the area.  I feel contented and at an ease there and can unload all excess baggage from inside.  I can still do that over here in Asia, by going into the jungle for a five or six days and camp by a fast moving river. 

Thresholds in the natural world and “power places” can be found anywhere, even here in Asia.  I searched along the banks of the river until an area “felt just right!”  Which meant to me that the outward world was sort of mated to the inward world, the macro to the microcosm.  Within the wild, finding what exists beyond the human heart and into the realms of soul and the infinity of its dominion.

Well…… it simply just felt right.

“Even sticks and stones have a spiritual essence, a manifestation of the mysterious power that fills the Universe. “

--Sioux Indian--

Life brings many transitions, little deaths, fathomless dives into the great sea of unknowing, as we seek the meaning of life on this earth.  I know I really need to get away and find myself every now and again. 

To once again live alone in the wild body of the earth and call it home.  Once again, discovering and facing my darkest fears, my stark loneliness.……and my doubts about my future.  To dissolve in the liberating light of day and the star-spangled loneliness of night. 

Someone once wrote, that  “we must experience first-hand the ancient truth that there is no mediator between human and the sacred, that no one needs to tell you how to pray when the sun rises in the east after a long dark sorrowful night.” 

Different sacred sites around the world have the power to heal the body they say, enlighten the mind, increase creativity, develop psychic abilities, and awaken the soul to a knowing of its true purpose in life.  While I guess contemporary science cannot explain - and therefore disregards - this seemingly miraculous phenomena, which occur at these so-called holy places; “the places chosen” continue to be venerated by us. (In fact, in most religions.) 

The altered states of fasting and solitude can be powerful and insightful and I eagerly sought them there in the jungles of Malaysia, or Indonesia, (Singapore being too small and too populated).  I had no sacred sites in these places though, but I made my own right there in the jungle, in the arms of Mother Nature Herself.  What better?

“My Body will mix with Earth, and my Breath with the Air, but this TIME won't come back again !  I will go somewhere and sit some place………………..”

Well anyway, I do not take these journeys just for their own sake; for that would be self-indulgent, it is just that it is merely time to do it every so often. Souls in need of healing and direction!  Otherworldly entities seem to visit me, as I venture deeper into what analysis might call “the unconscious”.  I respect these visions and visitations and open myself to their influences. 

I always emerge with a bright secret burning in my heart.  Like birth and death, the underworlds, the overworlds are one and the same at times, when one can perceive them.

“Within and around the earth,

Within and around the hills,

Within and around the mountains,

Your power returns to you.”

--A Tewa Prayer--

My own experiences strongly validate Jung’s ideas that I believe that the Earth will speak to anyone who is willing and able to listen.  (I’m still Jung at heart I guess).  At these self-made oracular power places, I experience visionary communications concerning lots of facets of my life and unexpectedly, about others too.  I see things and receive answers to questions that shine through, like bubbles bursting to the surface of a deep lagoon. 

I experience a profound love for, and oneness with, the Earth, and the first time I went, suddenly knowing deep inside that my own work in life was also to try and help serve and protect Mother Earth with all my heart in some way.  I felt “inner” information about specific ways to nurture and heal the Earth.  I almost understood that wonderful technique for doing "planetary acupuncture."  I can now walk around and touch things, listen to the sounds and feel the earth beneath my feet.  I feel at home once again.

 “The fairest thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the

fundamental emotion which stands at the cradle of true art and

true science.”

--Albert Einstein-- 

Besides the articles you found above, you may still also want check out the new additions of postings from our Research Group, which cover a multitude of subjects that you might find interesting.  Just click here, or come back later....

One of the most beautiful verses in Wiccan practices, usually recited at the full moon and other special occasions, is the Charge of the Goddess and is herein printed for those of you who are not familiar with it as yet.  the following is the Charge as intoned by the High Priestess and the High Priest and we have also printed a second version in its verse format.

The Charge of the Goddess

Listen to the words of the Great Mother; she who of old was also called among men Artemis, Astarte, Athene, Dione, Melusine, Aphrodite, Cerridwen, Cybele, Arianrhod, Isis, Dana, Bride and by many other names. At her altars the youth of Lacedaemon in Sparta made due sacrifice.

Whenever ye have need of anything, once in the month, and better it be when the moon is full, then shall ye assemble in some secret place and adore the spirit of me, who am Queen of all the witcheries. There shall ye assemble, ye who are fain to learn all sorcery, yet have not won its deepest secrets; to these will I teach things that are yet unknown. And ye shall be free from slavery; and as a sign that ye be really free, ye shall be naked in your rites; and ye shall dance, sing, feast, make music and love, all in my praise. For mine is the ecstasy of the spirit, and mine also is joy on earth; for my law is love unto all beings. Keep pure your highest ideal; strive ever towards it; let naught stop you or turn you aside. For mine is the secret door which opens upon the Land of Youth, and mine is the cup of the wine of life, and the Cauldron of Cerridwen, which is the Holy Grail of immortality. I am the Gracious Goddess, who gives the gift of joy unto the heart of man. Upon earth, I give the knowledge of the spirit eternal; and beyond death, I give peace and freedom and reunion with those who have gone before. Nor do I demand aught in sacrifice; for behold, I am the Mother of all living, and my love is poured out upon the earth.

Hear ye the words of the Star Goddess; she in the dust of whose feet are the hosts of heaven, and whose body encircles the Universe.

I who am the beauty of the green earth, and the white Moon among the stars, and the mystery of the waters, and the desire of the heart of man, call unto thy soul. Arise, and come unto me. For I am the soul of nature, who gives life to the universe. From me all things proceed, and unto me all things must return; and before my face, beloved of Gods and of men, let thine innermost divine self be enfolded in the rapture of the infinite. Let my worship be within the heart that rejoiceth; for behold, all acts of love and pleasure are my rituals. And therefore let there be beauty and strength, power and compassion, honour and humility, mirth and reverence within you. And thou who thinkest to seek for me, know thy seeking and yearning shall avail thee not unless thou knowest the mystery; that if that which thou seekest thee findest not within thee, thou wilt never find it without thee. For behold, I have been with thee from the beginning; and I am that which is attained at the end of desire.

The Verse version of the "Charge of the Goddess" is certainly a beautiful rendition of the same thing....

All ye assembled in my sight,

Bow before my spirit bright.

Aphrodite, Arionrhod,

Lover of the Horned God,Mighty Queen of Witchery and night.

Morgan, Etoine, Nisene,

Diana, Bridgid, Melusine,

Am I named of old by men.

Artemis and Cerridwen,

Hell's dark mistress, Heaven's Queen.

Ye who would ask of me a rune,

Or who would ask of me a boon,

Meet me in some secret glade,

Dance my round in greenwood shade,

By the light of the full moon.

In a place wild and lone,

Dance about mine altar stone;

Work my holy mystery.

Ye who are feign to sorcery,

I bring ye secrets yet unknown.

No more shall ye know slavery,

Who give true worship unto me.

Ye who tread my round on Sabbat night,

Come ye all naked to the rite,

In token that ye be really free.

I teach ye the mystery of rebirth,

Work ye my mysteries in mirth.

Heart joined to heart and lip to lip,

Five are the points of fellowship,

That bring ye ecstasy on earth,

For I am the circle of rebirth.

I ask no sacrifice, but do bow,

No other Law but love I know,

By naught but love may I be known.

All things living are mine own,

From me they come, to me they go

We have seen two differences of the Wiccan Rede, which are both printed here.  Very similar, but the contents have changes.  Maybe you have seen these versions in the Gardnerian and Alexandrian works.  Look into the changes and see what actually has changed and what it might mean.

The Wiccan Rede

(One version)

Bide ye the Wiccan laws ye must,
in perfect love, in perfect trust.
Ye must live and let live, fairly take and fairly give.
Cast the circle thrice about, to keep unwelcome spirits out.

To bind the spell well every time,
let the spell be spoken in rhyme.
Soft of eye and light of touch,
speak ye little and listen much.

Deosil go by waxing moon,
chanting out the Wiccan Rune.
Widdershins go by waning moon,
chanting out the baneful tune.

When the Lady's moon is new,
kiss the hand to her times two.
When the moon rides at her peak,
then the heart's desire seek.

Heed the North wind's mighty gale:
lock the door and trim the sail.
When the wind comes from the South,
love will kiss thee on the mouth.

When the Moor wind blows from the West,
departed spirits have no rest.
When the wind blows from the East,
expect the new and set the feast.

Nine woods in the cauldron go,
burn them quick and burn them slow.
Elder be the Lady's tree,
cut it not or cursed you’ll be.

When the wheel begins to turn,
let the Beltane fires burn.
When the wheel has turned to Yule,
light the log and the Horned One rules.

Heed ye flower, bush and tree, by the Lady, Blessed Be.
Where the rippling waters go, cast a stone,
the truth to know.

When ye have and hold a need,
hearken not to others' greed.
With a fool no seasons spend,
or be counted as his friend.

Merry meet and merry part,
bright the cheeks and warm the heart.
Mind the Threefold Law ye should,
three times bad and three times good.

When misfortune is enow,
where the blue star on thy brow.
True in love ye must ever be,
lest thy love be false to thee.

These words the Wiccan Rede fulfill:
An ye harm none, do what ye will.

Bide the Wiccan Rede ye must,
In perfect love & perfect trust.
Eight words the Wiccan Rede fulfill,
An it harm none, do as ye will.

Ever mind the rule of three,
What you send out comes back to thee.
Follow this with mind & heart,
And merry meet & merry part!

(Another version)

of the Wiccan Rede

Bide the Wiccan Redes ye must,

In Perfect Love and Perfect Trust;

Live ye must and let to live,

Fairly take and fairly give;

Form the Circle thrice about,

To keep unwelcome spirits out;

Bind fast the spell every time,

 Let the words be spoke in rhyme.

Soft of eye and light of touch,

  Speak ye little, listen much;

Deosil go by waxing moon,

Sing and dance the Witches' Rune;

Widdershins go by waning moon,

Chant ye then a baleful tune;

When the Lady's moon is new,

Kiss hand to her times two;

When the moon rides at peak,

Heart's desire then ye seek.

Heed the North wind's mighty gale,

Lock the door & trim the sail;

When the wind comes from the South,

Love will kiss them on the mouth;

When the wind blows from the West,

departed souls have no rest;

When the wind blows from the East,

Expect the new and set the feast.

Nine woods in the cauldron go,

Burn them quick, burn them slow;

Elder be the Lady's tree,

   Burn it not or curs'd ye'll be;

When the wind begins to turn,

Soon Beltane fires will burn;

When the wheel has turned to Yule,

light the log, the Horned One rules.

Heed the flower, bush or tree

By the Lady blessed be'

When the rippling waters flow

 cast a stone - the truth you'll know;

When ye have & hold a need,

Hearken not to others' greed;

With a fool no seasons spend,

Or be counted as his friend.

Merry meet and merry part

 Bright the cheeks, warm the heart;

 Bright the cheeks, warm the heart;

Mind the threefold law ye should,

 Three times bad and three times good;

Whene'er misfortune is enow,

Wear the star upon your brow;

True in troth ever ye be

Lest thy love prove false to thee.

'Tis by the sun that life be won,

And by the moon that change be done;

If ye would clear the path to will,

Make certain the mind be still;

What good be tools without Inner Light?

 What good be magic without wisdom-sight?

Eight words the Wiccan Rede fulfill -

An it harm none, do what ye will.

A Rare Dance of Planets - The Planetary Gathering Peaks  

In case you didn't know already, I just thought I'd let you know that a line up of the planets and the moon are now in progress (May 12th).  In fact, it is a once in a life time experience!  A lot of folk believe this is going to be a very powerful time indeed, especially for magick!!  It is also possible to view this time as maybe affecting other people in strange ways and might be somewhat of a violent time around the world, (but then again - when isn't it?)  It might also cause tension or depression, or other negative traits.  Others may dream intensely.  We'll have to wait and see?  Whatever... for sure though; it is a very auspicious and powerful time in this part of the universe and journeys into the magickal world could have extremely powerful forces at play.  Be careful  in your otherworld venturing and questing.... 

A little info for you..

A Rare Dance of Planets - The Planetary Gathering Peaks

If you haven’t yet seen the great planetary gathering that’s unfolding in the west at dusk, the first half of May brings your best opportunity. All five bright, naked-eye planets — Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn — are well placed for viewing in the western twilight sky about an hour after sunset. There is no single date of a "great planetary alignment," though all five of them (plus the Moon) will be clustered within 33° of sky on the evening of May 14th.

Close gatherings of the five naked-eye planets are relatively rare. Every 20 years, we get a period a few years long within which these worlds can all gather in more or less the same part of the sky as seen from Earth’s perspective. The last widely visible five-planet bunching was in February 1940. (A tight grouping occurred in May 2000 but was hidden in the Sun’s glare.) And another good one won't take place until September 2040. So for many of us, this spring's display represents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.

 May 8–12: All five naked-eye planets continue shining in the west at dusk. Start by spotting bright Jupiter high up; you can't miss it. Down to its lower right, you’ll find even brighter Venus.

Very close to Venus is much dimmer, orange Mars, only 1/160 as bright. On May 10th Venus and Mars appear closest together, just 1/3° apart, much less than a finger's-width at arm's length.

Look below Venus for Saturn. Farther to Venus's lower right, near the horizon, is Mercury. Binoculars give a great view of the whole show!

May 13: Go out about 40 minutes after sunset and spot bright Venus moderately low in the west-northwest. Scan below it near the horizon for the hairline crescent Moon. Binoculars will help. See if you can spot Mercury a little to the Moon's right, and Saturn to the Moon's upper left.

Just below Venus, look for faint orange Mars, only 1/160 as bright. Jupiter shines much higher to Venus's upper left.

May 14: There's a beautiful sight in the west after sunset tonight! The crescent Moon is closely paired with brilliant Venus, the Evening Star. Just below Venus, look for faint orange Mars; binoculars will help. Farther below is Saturn, and to the lower right of Saturn is Mercury (near the horizon). Well off to the upper left of this whole grouping shines bright Jupiter.

May 15: Look west in twilight for the crescent Moon. To its upper left is bright Jupiter, and farther to its lower right is brighter Venus. Just below Venus is faint little Mars (binoculars help!). Farther down is Saturn.

May 16: The crescent Moon shines in the west this evening, with Jupiter to its lower right. Much farther to their lower right is brilliant Venus with faint little Mars glimmering close by.

May 17–24: The two brightest planets, Venus and Jupiter, are shining in the western sky after dusk and drawing closer together day by day. See if you can spot faint little Mars to Venus's lower right.

For a scientific review of the actual line-up, can be found on a web site I looked up especially to show what is happening at:

http://skyandtelescope.com/observing/objects/planets/article_572_1.asp

Besides the articles you found above, you may still also want check out the new additions of postings from our Research Group, which cover a multitude of subjects that you might find interesting.  Just click here, or come back later....

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